王华，法国里昂商学院创新管理学教授、法国里昂商学院副校长、里昂商学院亚洲校区校长、亚欧商学院法方院长。

Wang Hua is a Professor of Innovation Management at emlyon business school, Associate Dean of emlyon business school, Dean of emlyon business school Asia and French Dean of Asia Europe Business School.

孙轩，南开大学周恩来政府管理学院副教授、数字城市治理实验室主任，在城市建模、城市计算、数字城市和智慧城市等领域拥有丰富的教研经验。

Sun Xuan is an Associate Professor at the Department of Public Administration, Zhou Enlai School of Government and the Director of Digital City Lab, Nankai University. He has rich teaching and research experience in urban modeling, urban computing, digital city and smart city.

高大伟：十分荣幸今天能与两位交流。孙教授，您来自南开大学，这是天津的一所知名大学。王教授，您来自上海的法国里昂商学院。有一场非常重要的活动即将召开，那就是天津世界智能大会。两位都是相关领域的专家，我想问一个非常简单的问题：王教授，科技对于教育有着怎样的影响呢？

王：谢谢你的提问。我的答案是，科技肯定加速了在线教育的发展。我们都知道新冠肺炎疫情迫使我们向着在线音频、视频和教育平台的方向发展。我想多说一点，要警惕在后疫情时代网络创新的显著衰退，背后的原因很简单：人们仍然想要获得真实的体验。

所以，这也促使我们进行下一步的反思和准备。以科技和学习者为基础的教学方法，共同造就了在线学习系统的新方式。所以我认为，现在我们已经有必要为后疫情时代的科技变革，以及在线学习的新方法去做准备了。

高大伟：非常感谢，王教授。孙教授，在您看来，科技对您教育学生的方式有什么样的影响呢？

孙：毫无疑问，科技的发展给教育带来了巨大的改变。我认为变化主要体现在两方面：教学内容与教学方法。就教学内容而言，我们新增了很多聚焦于科技应用的课程。

就教学方法而言，要讲的也有很多。首先，远程教学在近几年得到了快速发展。现如今，教育已不再局限于教室中了。在线教育是一种沉浸式体验，也受到了很多学生的欢迎。无论我们身在何处，只要电脑接入网络，我们就可以参与课堂。

有了高效的网络，例如5G无线通信网络，人们就能够享受沉浸式课堂体验，与老师同学实时互动。尤其是在疫情期间，远程教学真正在教育中发挥了重要作用。现在，所有这些都可以通过虚拟现实和虚拟仿真技术来实现。

还有一些教学辅助应用也跟随人工智能被开发出来。成功的教育不仅是课堂的呈现，辅导、练习和评估对于教育来说也很重要。在过去，这些工作全部是由教师完成的。教师本身时间、精力和能力有限，加上个人主观情感，会对教学效果产生很大的影响。但通过人工智能技术，很多辅助性的教学工作可以由计算机完成，计算机有更强劲的知识背景、更灵活的时间安排和更客观的立场。

高大伟：我们生活在科技变革的时代。王教授，在你看来有哪些重大的颠覆性技术需要我们关注，尤其是在天津世界智能大会上？

王：我想从两个方面来阐述。第一个方面是基于人工智能与大数据的产业应用技术。我关注这个问题的原因是，我们确实发现了信息通信技术产业的从业者正面临着新的挑战。人工智能、大数据和5G的基础设施已经落成，接下来是如何具体把这些技术运用到不同的产业中，例如汽车行业、制药、医疗保健、金融和智慧城市。这是我想谈的第一点。

第二个方面是，我们可以预见到两种技术范式的出现。这是一个非常重要的领域，尤其是对于产业从业者而言。我们看到了当下的信息通信技术产业，未来也会看到基于量子技术的竞争与合作将如何改变现状。

高大伟：非常感谢，王教授。孙教授，你认为我们应该关注哪些变化？

孙：对我来说，当前最重要的科技变革，在于我们沟通的方式。我们与他人交流想法比从前便捷了许多。互联网把我们连接在一起，无论相隔多远。无线网络，尤其是5G技术，让我们可以随心所欲、随时随地上网。在过去，我们需要面对面交谈，或是写下想说的话，才能让别人知道我们的想法。但现在通过数据传输，我们想法的每个细节和与之相关的物理因素都可以很容易地分享给他人。

高大伟：这是一个复杂的世界，我们需要交流，需要相遇，也希望能通过这些交流和相遇，我们能为21世纪涌现出的新问题找到解决方案。非常感谢。

Gosset: It's a great honor to be able to talk to you today. Professor Sun, you are in Nankai University, the very famous university in Tianjin. Professor Wang, you are at emlyon in Shanghai. We have this very important event coming, the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin. You are experts in these fields, and I wanted to ask you a very simple question. What is the impact, Professor Wang, of technology on education?

Wang: Thank you for your question. My answer is that, definitely, it is the acceleration on the online education. We all know that the COVID has forced us to move towards that direction, based on the online audio, video and the learning platform. What I want to say more is a kind of alert on the significant fading of the online innovation in the post-COVID period, simply because people still want to have the real experience.

So, that is why that drives us to the next stage of reflection and preparation. That is the technology- and learner-based pedagogy method, working together to generate new ways of online-based learning system. So, I think that today we need already to prepare for the post-COVID technology change and the new ways of online learning.

Gosset: Thank you very much, professor. Professor sun, how do you see the impact of technology on the way you educate your students?

Sun: Undoubtedly, there is a big change in education with the development of technology. I think the change mainly lies in two aspects, the content we teach and the way we teach. For the content, we add many new lessons and courses that focus on technology applications.

For the changes of the way we teach, there is also much to talk. First, distance teaching and learning has obtained a rapid growth these years. Now, education is not restricted to a classroom anymore. Online education is immersion and welcomed by many students. No matter where we are, we can participate in lessons if only your computer is connected to the web. With the efficient network, for example, the 5G wireless communication network, you can now enjoy an immersive experience of lessons and interact with your teachers and classmates at real time. Especially in the pandemic period of COVID-19, distance teaching and learning really play an important role in education. Now, all can be conducted with technologies of virtual reality and simulation.

There are also some teaching assistant applications developed with Artificial Intelligence. A successful education does not just include all of presentation. Tutoring, exercises and evaluations are also important for education. In the past, all of the jobs were accomplished by teachers. The limitations of time, energy and knowledge of teachers and also their subjective feelings may have great influence on the effect of education. But by means of AI technology, a lot of auxiliary teaching jobs can actually be done by computers with more powerful knowledge background, flexible schedule and objective standpoint.

Gosset:We are living in the world of tech changes. Where do you see the major disruptions coming that all of us, especially at the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin, we need to pay attention to, Professor Wang?

Wang: I want to pinpoint two aspects. The first aspect is the industrial application technology based on the Artificial Intelligence and big data. Why I focus on that is we do find out that ICT industrial people, they are facing a new challenge. It's that infrastructure of AI, big data, 5G are there, and then concretely, how we can implement them into the different industries like automobile industry, pharmaceutical, healthcare, finance, smart cities. So, that is the first point I want to mention.

The second one, what we can anticipate is possibly the emergence of two technology paradigms. This is also a very important field to anticipate, especially for the industrial people. We do see the ICT industry for the moment, and we will also see that how the quantum technology-based competition and coordination will change the landscape.

Gosset: Thank you very much, professor. Professor Sun, what do you think, we need to pay attention to which changes?

Sun: Yes, for me, the most important technology change at the moment, I think, is the way we communicate. It is much easier to exchange our ideas with others than before. The Internet connects us together, no matter how far away we are. The wireless network, especially the 5G, makes us online at anytime, anywhere if only we need to and we want to. In the past, we needed to talk face to face or write down what we want to express to make others know our ideas. But now through data transmission, every detail of our thought and related physical factors could be easily shared by others.

Gosset: This is a world of complexity. We need to exchange, we need to encounter, and hopefully, through these exchanges, to find solutions for the new problems that we are seeing emerging in this 21st century. Thank you very much.